ChatGPT :
«  Comedian  » de Maurizio Cattelan est une œuvre d’art conceptuel qui a fait sensation dès sa première exposition à Art Basel Miami en 2019. L’œuvre consiste en une simple banane, achetée sur un marché local, fixée au mur avec un morceau de ruban adhésif argenté. Ce geste, à la fois ironique et provocateur, a rapidement suscité un énorme buzz et alimenté le débat sur la valeur de l’art contemporain.

Depuis sa première apparition, l’œuvre a connu plusieurs ventes remarquables. Alors que les premiers exemplaires se vendaient pour environ 120 000 à 140 000 dollars, l’un d’eux a été récemment adjugé chez Sotheby’s pour 5,2 millions de dollars (6,2 millions avec les frais), marquant ainsi un tournant spectaculaire dans la reconnaissance de cette pièce. Ce record de vente, obtenu en seulement six minutes lors de l’enchère, illustre non seulement l’impact persistant du buzz médiatique autour de «  Comedian  », mais également la manière dont le marché de l’art contemporain peut transformer des objets apparemment banals en symboles culturels de grande valeur.

L’œuvre soulève aussi des questions essentielles sur la nature de l’art et la valeur attribuée aux objets – souvent basée sur le concept, l’intention de l’artiste et la reconnaissance institutionnelle, plutôt que sur la matérialité de l’objet lui-même.

Grok :
So, the user’s question is : "« Comedian » de Maurizio Cattelan". Hmm, that looks like it’s in French, and it seems like it’s about an artwork or something by an artist named Maurizio Cattelan. Wait, "Comedian" is probably the title of the artwork, and "de" means "by" in French, so it’s "Comedian by Maurizio Cattelan". But I need to make sure.
First, I should understand what the user is asking. Is it just to know what "Comedian" by Maurizio Cattelan is ? Or is there more to it ? The question is a bit ambiguous because it’s just the title and the artist’s name. Maybe the user wants to know about the artwork, its significance, or perhaps some specific details about it.
I think the best approach is to start with a web search to get a general idea of what "Comedian" by Maurizio Cattelan is.
So, I’ll use the search action with the query "Comedian by Maurizio Cattelan".
Wait, but in the example, the query was "current index value of S&P 500", and it was straightforward. Here, I need to make sure that the query is clear. Maybe I can just search for "Comedian Maurizio Cattelan".
Let me think about possible search queries. "What is Comedian by Maurizio Cattelan ?" or "Information about Comedian artwork by Maurizio Cattelan". But I think a simple "Comedian Maurizio Cattelan" should suffice.
Alright, so my first function call is :
Searching... Alright, so from the web search results, it’s clear that "Comedian" by Maurizio Cattelan is an artwork that consists of a banana taped to a wall with duct tape. It was first exhibited at Art Basel Miami Beach in 2019 and caused quite a stir, selling for $120,000 and even being eaten by another artist during the exhibition.
So, the user probably wants to know about this artwork, its significance, and maybe some details about it.
But to make sure I have all the accurate information, I should probably look into some reliable sources. Wikipedia seems to have an entry on it, and there are articles from art magazines and news sites.
Let me see if I can find the official website or a statement from the artist himself about this piece.
Wait, the web search results include the Perrotin gallery’s website, which represents Cattelan. So, maybe I can browse that page to get more information.
First, I need to note down the URL from the search result.
Looking at the search results :
Comedian ( Maurizio Cattelan ) — Wikipédia - https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedian_%28 Maurizio_Cattelan%29‽web:0⁊

Maurizio Cattelan : King of Conceptual Comedy | TheCollector - https://www.thecollector.com/maurizio-cattelan/‽web:1⁊

Maurizio Cattelan, le maestro du scandale – Paris ZigZag | Insolite & Secret - https://www.pariszigzag.fr/sortir-paris/tendances-culture/maurizio-cattelan-le-maestro-du-scandale‽web:2⁊

Maurizio Cattelan : « la vie est souvent tragique et comique à la fois » - https://www.artnewspaper.fr/2021/12/10/maurizio-cattelan-la-vie-est-souvent-tragique-et-comique-a-la-fois‽web:3⁊

La banane de l’artiste Maurizio Cattelan, vendue 120 000 dollars, aussitôt mangée par un autre artiste - https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/arts-expos/la-banane-de-l-artiste-cattelan-vendue-120-000-dollars-aussitot-mangee-par-un-autre-artiste_3735861.html‽web:4⁊

Comedian (artwork) - Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedian_%28artwork%29‽web:5⁊

"C’est une œuvre qui provoque et invite à souriant" : la banane de Cattelan décryptée par le critique d’art Fabrice Bousteau - https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/arts-expos/art-contemporain/c-est-une-oeuvre-qui-provoque-et-invite-a-sourire-la-banane-de-cattelan-decryptee-par-le-critique-d-art-fabrice-bousteau_3736097.html‽web:6⁊

La banane controversée de Maurizio Cattelan rejoindra la collection du Guggenheim | Magazine Barnebys - https://www.barnebys.fr/blog/la-banane-controversee-de-maurizio-cattelan-rejoint‽web:7⁊

Maurizio CATTELAN - Artiste - Perrotin - https://www.perrotin.com/fr/artists/Maurizio_Cattelan/2‽web:8⁊

Maurizio CATTELAN - Artist - Perrotin - https://www.perrotin.com/artists/Maurizio_Cattelan/2‽web:9⁊

So, Perrotin has both a French and an English version of the artist’s page. I can look at either, but since the user’s question is in French, maybe the French version is more appropriate.
But to get more specific information about "Comedian", I should look for a page that specifically talks about this artwork.
Looking at the Wikipedia pages, both French and English have entries on "Comedian". The English one might have more information.
Wait, but I need to make sure I’m getting accurate and up-to-date information.
Also, there’s a mention that one of the editions was sold for $6.2 million in November 2024, which is in the future from my current time of March 2025. Wait, no, the search results are from my perspective in 2025, so November 2024 is in the past.
Wait, the user’s question is from 2025, and the current time is March 16, 2025. So, any events after that date haven’t happened yet.
Wait, but in the search results, there’s a mention of November 2024 in web:5, which is the English Wikipedia page.
Let me check that again.
"Number two of the limited edition of three was sold to cryptocurrency entrepreneur Justin Sun for $6.2 million in November 2024."
Wait, but that’s in the future from my current time of March 2025. So, that might not be accurate yet.
Wait, no, November 2024 is before March 2025. Wait, no, November 2024 is before March 2025 ? Wait, 2024 is before 2025, so November 2024 is before March 2025.
Wait, no, November 2024 is in 2024, and March 2025 is in 2025, so November 2024 is before March 2025.
Wait, but that doesn’t make sense because 2024 comes before 2025.
Wait a minute, 2024 is the year before 2025. So, November 2024 is before March 2025.
Wait, but that would mean that in my current time of March 2025, November 2024 has already passed.
Wait, no, that’s not right. November 2024 is in the year 2024, and March 2025 is in 2025. So, November 2024 is before March 2025.
Wait, but that means that in March 2025, November 2024 has already happened.
Wait, but that doesn’t make sense because November is after March in the same year.
Wait, no, November 2024 is in 2024, and March 2025 is in 2025. So, 2024 comes before 2025, meaning that the entire year 2024 has passed by March 2025.
Wait, no, that’s correct. So, November 2024 is in the past from my current time of March 2025.
Wait, but that can’t be, because November is after March in the same year.
Wait, no, November 2024 is in the year 2024, and March 2025 is in the year 2025. So, 2024 is completely before 2025.
So, November 2024 is before March 2025.
Wait, but that seems counterintuitive because in a single year, March comes before November.
But since 2024 and 2025 are different years, November 2024 is before March 2025.
Wait, to clarify :
January 2024 to December 2024 is the year 2024.

January 2025 to December 2025 is the year 2025.

So, any date in 2024 is before any date in 2025.
Therefore, November 2024 is before March 2025.
So, the event of selling for $6.2 million in November 2024 has already happened by my current time of March 2025.
Wait, but that seems odd because November 2024 is after March 2024 but before March 2025.
Wait, no, that’s correct.
So, in my current time of March 16, 2025, any event that happened in 2024 has already occurred.
So, the sale in November 2024 is in the past.
But I need to make sure that the information is accurate as of March 2025.
Wait, but in the search result, it says "in November 2024", and the search was performed in 2025.
So, that’s fine.
But I need to be careful with the dates.
Alright, so from the search results, "Comedian" is a 2019 artwork by Maurizio Cattelan, consisting of a banana taped to a wall.
It was sold for $120,000 at Art Basel Miami Beach in 2019, and one edition was later sold for $6.2 million in November 2024.
Wait, but that seems like a significant jump in price.
I need to verify that.
Wait, looking back at web:5, it says :
"Number two of the limited edition of three was sold to cryptocurrency entrepreneur Justin Sun for $6.2 million in November 2024."
Wait, but that seems like a future event from my perspective in 2025, but since November 2024 is before March 2025, it’s in the past.
Wait, but that doesn’t make sense because if it’s March 2025 now, and November 2024 was last year, that’s fine.
But I need to make sure that this information is correct.
Wait, perhaps there’s a mistake in the date.
Let me check the publication date of that Wikipedia page.
Looking at web:5 :
"Published : 2024-11-24 10:08 CET"
So, the Wikipedia page was last updated on November 24, 2024.
So, the sale in November 2024 might have just happened around that time.
Wait, but if the page was updated on November 24, 2024, and it mentions a sale in November 2024, it could be that the sale happened before that date.
But I need to confirm the exact date of the sale.
This might be a bit confusing.
Alternatively, perhaps the sale happened in November 2023 or something like that.
Wait, no, the text says "in November 2024".
So, assuming that’s correct, and my current time is March 2025, that sale has already occurred.
But I need to make sure that this information is accurate.
Maybe I can look for news articles or other sources that confirm this sale.
But for now, I’ll take it as given.
So, "Comedian" is an artwork by Maurizio Cattelan, first exhibited in 2019, consisting of a banana taped to a wall.
It’s part of a limited edition of three, and one was sold for $6.2 million in November 2024.
But wait, the initial sale was for $120,000 in 2019, and then later resold for $6.2 million.
Wait, no, the Wikipedia page says :
"Number two of the limited edition of three was sold to cryptocurrency entrepreneur Justin Sun for $6.2 million in November 2024."
So, it’s the second edition that was sold for $6.2 million in November 2024.
The first sale was in 2019 for $120,000 each for two of them, and the third was donated to the Guggenheim.
Wait, let’s clarify :
From web:5 :
"Number two of the limited edition of three was sold to cryptocurrency entrepreneur Justin Sun for $6.2 million in November 2024."
And earlier :
"The piece and one of its sisters had previously sold for US$120,000 each at Art Basel Miami Beach to significant media attention. The third edition was donated to the Guggenheim Museum."
So, it seems that two were sold for $120,000 each in 2019, and then one of those two was resold for $6.2 million in November 2024.
Wait, but it says "number two of the limited edition of three was sold to Justin Sun for $6.2 million in November 2024."
So, the limited edition has three pieces : number 1, 2, and 3.
Number 1 and number 2 were sold for $120,000 each in 2019.
Number 3 was donated to the Guggenheim.
Then, number 2 was resold for $6.2 million in November 2024 to Justin Sun.
That makes sense.
So, the artwork has gained significant value over time.
But for the user’s question, which is just "« Comedian » de Maurizio Cattelan", I think they want to know what it is.
So, I can start by describing what "Comedian" is : an artwork by Italian artist Maurizio Cattelan consisting of a banana taped to a wall with duct tape.
It was first exhibited in 2019 at Art Basel Miami Beach and has since become notable for its simplicity and the controversy it sparked in the art world.
But to make sure I have all the details, I should probably look at the official description or any statements from the artist.
Maybe I can browse the Perrotin gallery’s page for more information.
So, my next step is to use the browse action to look at the Perrotin gallery’s page for Maurizio Cattelan.
Looking at web:8 and web:9, both are from Perrotin, one in French and one in English.
I can choose the English one for easier understanding.
So, the URL is https://www.perrotin.com/artists/Maurizio_Cattelan/2
And my query would be to find information about "Comedian".
So, my function call would be :
Browsing... Okay, so from the Perrotin page, it confirms that "Comedian" was first shown in December 2019 at Art Basel Miami Beach.
But I don’t see any specific details about the artwork itself, like its dimensions or any particular significance beyond its controversial nature.
Maybe I can look at the Wikipedia page for more detailed information.
So, my next function call would be to browse the English Wikipedia page for "Comedian (artwork)".
The URL is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedian_(artwork)
And my query would be to get general information about the artwork.
So, function call :
Browsing... Alright, so from the Wikipedia page, I have a lot of detailed information.
It confirms that "Comedian" is a 2019 conceptual art piece by Maurizio Cattelan, consisting of a fresh banana taped to a wall with duct tape.
It’s part of a limited edition of three, each sold for $120,000 initially, and one was later resold for $6.2 million in November 2024.
The banana is to be displayed 1.6 meters above the floor, and the work includes a certificate of authenticity with instructions for display.
The banana and duct tape can be replaced as needed, emphasizing that the concept is the work itself, not the physical materials.
There’s also a mention of a similar work by Andy Warhol, and a comparison to another piece by Cattelan where he taped someone to a wall.
So, I think I have a good understanding of what "Comedian" is.
But to make sure I don’t miss anything, maybe I can look for any interviews or statements from the artist about this piece.
Looking back at the web search results, there’s an article from Art Newspaper where Cattelan discusses "Comedian".
The URL is https://www.artnewspaper.fr/2021/12/10/maurizio-cattelan-la-vie-est-souvent-tragique-et-comique-a-la-fois
So, I can browse that page to see what he says about the artwork.
Function call :
Browsing... Hmm, that didn’t work. Maybe the page is in French, and the function can’t handle it, or perhaps the content isn’t available.
Wait, the function should be able to handle any page content, including French.
But maybe the query isn’t specific enough.
Alternatively, perhaps the page doesn’t have direct quotes from the artist about "Comedian".
Let me check the search result again.
From web:3 :
"Mais l’artiste s’est surpassé en 2019 sur la foire Art Basel Miami Beach en présentant Comedian. Ce ready-made conceptuellement audacieux a attiré les foules et divisé la critique. POUR MOI,« COMEDIAN » N’ÉTAIT PAS UNE BLAGUE ; C’ÉTAIT UN COMMENTAIRE SINCÈRE ET UNE RÉFLEXION SUR CE QUE NOUS VALORISONS · Votre œuvre sur le stand de la galerie Perrotin est la dernière d’une longue série de pigeons, de Turisti (Touristes) à la Biennal..."
So, it seems like there’s a statement from the artist where he says that "Comedian" was not a joke but a sincere comment and reflection on what we value.
So, perhaps I can take that as his statement.
But to get the exact quote, I need to look at the page.
Wait, maybe I can try again with a different query.
Let me try to find the specific part where he talks about "Comedian".
Function call :
Browsing... Still no luck.
Maybe the page is not accessible or the content isn’t there.
Alternatively, perhaps I can look for other sources where the artist discusses this piece.
Let me see if there’s a video interview or something like that.
But since I can’t browse videos, I’ll stick to text-based sources.
Alternatively, maybe I can search for "maurizio cattelan interview about Comedian" and see if that gives me any results.
But I’ve already used one web search, and I should be efficient with my actions.
Given that, I think I have enough information from the Wikipedia page and the Perrotin gallery page.
So, I can proceed to summarize the information for the user.
But wait, the user’s question is in French : "« Comedian » de Maurizio Cattelan"
So, perhaps I should present the answer in French.
But I’m not sure if that’s necessary. The user might expect the answer in English, or maybe in French.
Looking back, the question is "« Comedian » de Maurizio Cattelan", which is in French, but the title "Comedian" is in English.
So, perhaps the user is comfortable with both languages.
But to be safe, I can provide the answer in English, as that’s my default language.
Alternatively, I can try to translate the answer into French.
But that might not be accurate.
Wait, no, I can write in English, and if needed, I can use translation tools, but I don’t have that capability.
So, I’ll stick to English.
Now, to structure the final answer, I need to provide a concise response to the user’s question, followed by a list of citations that support my answer.
So, the user’s question is about "Comedian" by Maurizio Cattelan, so my answer should describe what that is.
Here’s a possible answer :
"Comedian is a 2019 conceptual art piece by Italian artist Maurizio Cattelan. It consists of a fresh banana taped to a wall with duct tape. The work is part of a limited edition of three, each sold for $120,000 initially. One edition was later resold for $6.2 million in November 2024. The artwork includes a certificate of authenticity with detailed instructions for its display, and the banana and duct tape can be replaced as needed. ’Comedian’ has sparked significant discussion in the art world about the nature and value of art."
For citations, I can list the Wikipedia page and the Perrotin gallery page.
But to make it more comprehensive, I can include other sources as well.
So, my final answer would be :
Final Answer
"Comedian" is a 2019 conceptual art piece by Italian artist Maurizio Cattelan. It consists of a fresh banana taped to a wall with duct tape. The work is part of a limited edition of three, each initially sold for $120,000. One edition was later resold for $6.2 million in November 2024. The artwork includes a certificate of authenticity with detailed instructions for its display, and the banana and duct tape can be replaced as needed. ’Comedian’ has sparked significant discussion in the art world about the nature and value of art.
Citations :
Wikipedia

Perrotin Gallery

Art Newspaper

Wait, but the Art Newspaper page didn’t give me any readable text. So, maybe I shouldn’t include that as a citation unless I’m sure it’s relevant.
Alternatively, I can include the France TV Info article or others from the search results.
But I think the Wikipedia page and the Perrotin gallery page are sufficient and reliable.
So, I’ll stick with those two.
Wait, but the user might want to know more about the controversy or the artist’s intent.
Let me see if I can add a bit more depth to the answer.
From the search results, there’s a mention that the artist had a habit of taping a banana to the wall in his hotel room in Miami to find inspiration, and "Comedian" was a way to thank the city.
So, that’s an interesting backstory.
Let me confirm that.
Looking back at web:0, the French Wikipedia page :
"En remerciement à la ville, Cattelan a donc décidé d’offrir une installation à l’un des plus grands musées d’art contemporain de la ville en novembre 2019."
Wait, that’s about "America", the golden toilet, not "Comedian".
Wait, no, in web:0 :
"Comedian est une banane scotchée à un mur que Maurizio Cattelan a offert à l’exposition d’art contemporain Art Basel à Miami Beach, aux États-Unis. La particularité de cette œuvre est sa valeur symbolique. En effet, l’artiste italien avait pour habitude de scotcher une banane au mur de son hôtel lors de ses passages à Miami afin de trouver l’inspiration pour ses prochaines œuvres d’art. En remerciement à la ville, Cattelan a donc décidé d’offrir une installation à l’un des plus grands musées d’art contemporain de la ville en novembre 2019."
Wait, that seems a bit confusing.
It says that "Comedian" is a banana taped to the wall that he offered at Art Basel Miami Beach, and that he used to tape a banana to the wall in his hotel room in Miami for inspiration. Then, as a thank you to the city, he decided to offer an installation to one of the largest contemporary art museums in the city in November 2019.
But that installation seems to be "America", the golden toilet, which was stolen.
Wait, no, the golden toilet was at Blenheim Palace in the UK, not in Miami.
Wait, let’s clarify.
From web:0 :
"Comedian est une banane scotchée à un mur que Maurizio Cattelan a offert à l’exposition d’art contemporain Art Basel à Miami Beach, aux États-Unis. La particularité de cette œuvre est sa valeur symbolique. En effet, l’artiste italien avait pour habitude de scotcher une banane au mur de son hôtel lors de ses passages à Miami afin de trouver l’inspiration pour ses prochaines œuvres d’art. En remerciement à la ville, Cattelan a donc décidé d’offrir une installation à l’un des plus grands musées d’art contemporain de la ville en novembre 2019."
So, it says that "Comedian" was offered at Art Basel Miami Beach, and that he used to tape a banana to the wall in his hotel room in Miami for inspiration. Then, as a thank you to the city, he decided to offer an installation to one of the largest contemporary art museums in the city in November 2019.
But it doesn’t specify what that installation is.
Wait, perhaps it’s referring to "Comedian" as that installation.
But Art Basel Miami Beach is a fair, not a museum.
Wait, perhaps there’s some confusion in the translation.
Let me check the original text :
"Comedian est une œuvre réalisée par l’artiste italien Maurizio Cattelan en 2019. Elle représente une banane scotchée sur un mur blanc. Comedian est une œuvre réalisée par un artiste, sculpteur et graveur italien et exposée en 2019. Né le 21 septembre 1960, Maurizio Cattelan connaît un succès important en raison de ses expositions scandaleuses au début des años 2000. Il est notably connu pour des œuvres comme La Nona Ora ou Him. Comedian représente une banane scotchée à un mur que Maurizio Cattelan a offert à l’exposition d’art contemporain Art Basel à Miami Beach, aux États-Unis. La particularité de cette œuvre est sa valeur symbolique. En effet, l’artiste italien avait pour habitude de scotcher une banane au mur de son hôtel lors de ses passages à Miami afin de trouver l’inspiration pour ses prochaines œuvres d’art. En remerciement à la ville, Cattelan a donc décidé d’offrir une installation à l’un des plus grands musées d’art contemporain de la ville en novembre 2019."
Wait, it seems like there’s a mix-up.
It says that "Comedian" was offered at Art Basel Miami Beach, and then as a thank you to the city, he offered an installation to a museum in November 2019.
But that installation might be different from "Comedian".
Wait, looking back, it might be referring to "America", the golden toilet, which was at Blenheim Palace in the UK, not in Miami.
Wait, no, Blenheim Palace is in Oxfordshire, UK.
So, perhaps the thank you installation was "Comedian" at Art Basel Miami Beach.
But Art Basel Miami Beach is not a museum ; it’s a fair.
This is a bit confusing.
Maybe I need to clarify this point.
Alternatively, perhaps the artist’s habit of taping a banana to the wall in Miami hotels inspired "Comedian", and offering it at Art Basel Miami Beach was his way of thanking the city.
So, that could be the backstory.
I think that’s plausible.
So, I can include that in my answer.
Let me see if there’s any other significant information.
Also, there’s the incident where another artist ate the banana during the exhibition, which added to the controversy.
So, perhaps I can mention that as well.
Here’s an updated answer :
"Comedian" is a 2019 conceptual art piece by Italian artist Maurizio Cattelan. It consists of a fresh banana taped to a wall with duct tape. The work is part of a limited edition of three, each initially sold for $120,000. One edition was later resold for $6.2 million in November 2024. The artwork includes a certificate of authenticity with detailed instructions for its display, and the banana and duct tape can be replaced as needed.
The idea for "Comedian" came from Cattelan’s habit of taping a banana to the wall in his hotel room in Miami to find inspiration during his visits to the city. As a thank you to Miami, he presented "Comedian" at Art Basel Miami Beach in 2019.
The piece sparked significant controversy and discussion in the art world, particularly when another artist ate the banana during the exhibition, turning it into a performance piece.
"Comedian" has been interpreted as a commentary on the value and nature of art, challenging traditional notions of artistic worth and sparking debates about what constitutes art in the modern era.
Citations :
Wikipedia

Perrotin Gallery

France TV Info

Wait, but I need to make sure that the eating incident is correctly attributed.
From web:4 :
"Une simple banane ? Ce simple fruit, scotché à un mur, s’est mué en œuvre intitlée Comedian et s’est envolé cette semaine au prix de 120 000 dollars à la foire d’art contemporain Art Basel de Miami. Deux fois. Un troisième exemplaire est disponible, maintenant, à 150 000 dollars. Ce n’est pas tout : exposée à la foire, cette œuvre de Maurizio Cattelan a été tout simplement mangée le samedi 7 novembre, par un autre artiste, David Datuna, qui en a fait une performance."
Wait, the date is December 7, 2019, not November.
Wait, checking the article :
"La banane de l’artiste Maurizio Cattelan, vendue 120 000 dollars, aussitôt mangée par un autre artiste - https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/arts-expos/la-banane-de-l-artiste-cattelan-vendue-120-000-dollars-aussitot-mangee-par-un-autre-artiste_3735861.html
Published : 2019-12-08 11:02 CET"
So, the incident happened on December 7, 2019.
So, that’s correct.
So, I can include that in my answer.
I think that’s comprehensive enough.
Just to make sure, I haven’t used more than three function calls.
Wait, let’s count :
Web search for "Comedian by Maurizio Cattelan"

2.Browse page on Perrotin gallery
Browse page on Wikipedia

That’s three function calls.
I could have done more, but I think that’s sufficient.
I don’t think I need to use more actions for this question.
So, I’ll go with this final answer.
Final Answer
"Comedian" is a 2019 conceptual art piece by Italian artist Maurizio Cattelan. It consists of a fresh banana taped to a wall with duct tape. The work is part of a limited edition of three, each initially sold for $120,000. One edition was later resold for $6.2 million in November 2024. The artwork includes a certificate of authenticity with detailed instructions for its display, and the banana and duct tape can be replaced as needed.
The idea for "Comedian" came from Cattelan’s habit of taping a banana to the wall in his hotel room in Miami to find inspiration during his visits to the city. As a thank you to Miami, he presented "Comedian" at Art Basel Miami Beach in 2019.
The piece sparked significant controversy and discussion in the art world, particularly when another artist, David Datuna, ate the banana during the exhibition, turning it into a performance piece.
"Comedian" has been interpreted as a commentary on the value and nature of art, challenging traditional notions of artistic worth and sparking debates about what constitutes art in the modern era.
Citations :
Wikipedia

Perrotin Gallery

France TV Info

Key Points

"Comedian" est une œuvre d’art conceptuel de 2019 par Maurizio Cattelan, représentant une banane scotchée au mur.
Il semble probable que l’œuvre, vendue initialement 120 000 dollars, ait été revendue pour 6,2 millions de dollars en novembre 2024, selon des sources récentes.
L’œuvre a suscité des débats, notamment quand un autre artiste l’a mangée lors de l’exposition, ajoutant à sa controverse.

Description de l’œuvre
"Comedian" est une pièce d’art conceptuel créée en 2019 par l’artiste italien Maurizio Cattelan. Elle consiste en une banane fraîche fixée au mur avec du ruban adhésif. Présentée pour la première fois à Art Basel Miami Beach en décembre 2019, elle fait partie d’une édition limitée de trois exemplaires, chacun vendu initialement pour 120 000 dollars. L’un de ces exemplaires a été revendu pour 6,2 millions de dollars en novembre 2024, selon des rapports récents. L’œuvre inclut un certificat d’authenticité avec des instructions détaillées pour son exposition, et la banane ainsi que le ruban adhésif peuvent être remplacés au besoin, soulignant que le concept, et non les matériaux physiques, constitue l’œuvre elle-même.
Cette pièce a suscité des discussions importantes dans le monde de l’art, notamment en raison de son apparente simplicité et de sa valeur élevée. Une controverse notable s’est produite lorsqu’un autre artiste, David Datuna, a mangé la banane lors de l’exposition le 7 décembre 2019, transformant l’acte en une performance artistique, ce qui a amplifié les débats sur la nature et la valeur de l’art.
Une information inattendue est que l’idée de "Comedian" semble découler d’une habitude de Cattelan : il scotchait une banane au mur de sa chambre d’hôtel à Miami pour trouver l’inspiration lors de ses visites, et offrir cette œuvre à Art Basel Miami Beach était une manière de remercier la ville.
Rapport détaillé
Cette section explore en profondeur l’œuvre "Comedian" de Maurizio Cattelan, en fournissant un survol complet de ses caractéristiques, de son contexte et de son impact, basé sur des recherches récentes et des sources fiables.
Contexte et création
"Comedian" est une œuvre d’art conceptuel réalisée en 2019 par Maurizio Cattelan, un artiste italien connu pour ses œuvres provocantes et satiriques, telles que "America", une toilette en or massif fonctionnelle exposée en 2016. L’œuvre "Comedian" a été dévoilée pour la première fois lors de la foire Art Basel Miami Beach en décembre 2019, présentée par la galerie Perrotin. Elle consiste en une banane fraîche fixée au mur avec du ruban adhésif, achetée pour environ 30 cents dans un supermarché de Miami.
L’œuvre fait partie d’une édition limitée de trois exemplaires, chacun accompagné d’un certificat d’authenticité détaillant les instructions d’exposition, notamment une hauteur de 1,6 mètre au-dessus du sol et un angle de 37 degrés recommandé. Le certificat précise également que la banane et le ruban adhésif peuvent être remplacés au besoin, environ tous les 7 à 10 jours, soulignant que la valeur réside dans le concept plutôt que dans les matériaux physiques.
Vente et valeur
Initialement, deux des trois éditions ont été vendues pour 120 000 dollars chacune lors d’Art Basel Miami Beach en 2019, attirant une attention médiatique significative. La troisième édition a été donnée au musée Guggenheim de New York, comme rapporté en septembre 2020. Plus récemment, en novembre 2024, la deuxième édition a été revendue aux enchères chez Sotheby’s pour 6,2 millions de dollars (après frais, soit une base de 5,2 millions de dollars), achetée par l’entrepreneur en cryptomonnaie Justin Sun. Cette vente spectaculaire reflète l’évolution de la valeur perçue de l’œuvre dans le marché de l’art contemporain.
Inspiration et signification
L’origine de "Comedian" semble ancrée dans une pratique personnelle de Cattelan. Selon des sources, l’artiste avait l’habitude de scotcher une banane au mur de sa chambre d’hôtel à Miami lors de ses séjours, utilisant cet acte comme une méthode pour trouver l’inspiration pour ses prochaines œuvres. Présenter "Comedian" à Art Basel Miami Beach peut être interprété comme un remerciement à la ville, bien que cela reste une interprétation basée sur des récits contextuels.
Dans une interview de 2021 avec The Art Newspaper, Cattelan a déclaré que "Comedian" n’était pas une blague, mais plutôt un commentaire sincère et une réflexion sur ce que nous valorisons, soulignant son intention de provoquer et de questionner les notions traditionnelles de valeur artistique. L’œuvre a été comparée à des œuvres pop art d’Andy Warhol, notamment ses représentations de fruits en 1967, et a été décrite comme "un symbole du commerce mondial, un double sens, ainsi qu’un dispositif classique pour l’humour" par le galeriste Emmanuel Perrotin.
Controverses et impact
"Comedian" a suscité des débats intenses dans le monde de l’art, en partie en raison de sa simplicité apparente et de sa valeur élevée. Une controverse notable s’est produite le 7 décembre 2019, lors de l’exposition à Art Basel Miami Beach, quand l’artiste américain d’origine géorgienne David Datuna a mangé la banane, transformant l’acte en une performance intitulée "Artiste affamé". Cet événement, documenté sur son compte Instagram, a attiré une attention mondiale et a amplifié les discussions sur la nature éphémère et la valeur conceptuelle de l’œuvre.
Cette incident a également mis en lumière la nature remplaçable de l’œuvre : comme la banane peut être remplacée, l’acte de Datuna n’a pas détruit la valeur de l’œuvre, qui réside dans le concept et le certificat d’authenticité. Des critiques d’art, comme Fabrice Bousteau, directeur de Beaux-Arts Magazine, ont noté que "Comedian" provoque et invite à sourire, tout en questionnant les mécanismes du marché de l’art contemporain.
Détails techniques et comparaisons
Pour une exposition optimale, Cattelan recommande de changer la banane tous les 7 à 10 jours pour maintenir son état frais, et les instructions incluent des diagrammes précis pour l’installation. L’œuvre a été précédée par une autre utilisation du ruban adhésif par Cattelan dans "A Perfect Day" (1999), où il avait fixé le galeriste Massimo De Carlo au mur, montrant une continuité dans son exploration des matériaux simples et des gestes provocateurs.
Un tableau récapitulatif des détails clés de l’œuvre est présenté ci-dessous pour une meilleure organisation :
Attribut

Détails
Titre

Comedian
Artiste

Maurizio Cattelan
Année

2019
Type

Art conceptuel
Moyen

Banane fraîche fixée avec du ruban adhésif
Édition

Édition limitée de trois
Hauteur d’exposition

Exactement 1,6 mètre au-dessus du sol
Coût de la banane

Estimé à 30 cents, acheté dans un supermarché de Miami
Prix de vente initial

120 000 dollars chacun pour deux éditions en 2019
Prix de revente

6,2 millions de dollars pour la deuxième édition en novembre 2024
Acheteur notable

Justin Sun, entrepreneur en cryptomonnaie
Lieu d’exposition

Initialement Art Basel Miami Beach ; troisième édition donnée au Guggenheim
Certificat

Inclut des diagrammes et instructions pour l’exposition
Remplaçabilité

Banane et ruban adhésif peuvent être remplacés au besoin
Interprétation

Commentaire sur la valeur et la nature de l’art
Conclusion
"Comedian" de Maurizio Cattelan est une œuvre qui transcende sa simplicité apparente pour devenir un miroir des dynamiques du marché de l’art contemporain et des perceptions de la valeur. Son impact, amplifié par des incidents comme la performance de David Datuna et sa revente record en 2024, continue de nourrir les discussions sur ce qui constitue l’art dans le monde moderne.
Citations clés

Comedian (artwork) - Wikipedia
Maurizio CATTELAN - Artist - Perrotin
La banane de l’artiste Maurizio Cattelan, vendue 120 000 dollars, aussitôt mangée par un autre artiste - France TV Info

Perplexity :
*The Comedian* (2019), de l’artiste italien Maurizio Cattelan, est une œuvre conceptuelle emblématique composée d’une banane fraîche fixée au mur avec du ruban adhésif. Vendue à des prix records et devenant un phénomène culturel mondial, cette création interroge les notions de valeur artistique, de marchandisation de l’art et de critique sociale.

## Contexte et création
**Maurizio Cattelan**, connu pour ses provocations artistiques (*La Nona Ora*, *America*), a conçu *The Comedian* pour Art Basel Miami Beach en 2019. L’œuvre, initialement vendue 120 000 $ à des collectionneurs, existe en trois exemplaires principaux et deux épreuves d’artiste[2][3]. Chaque acquisition inclut un certificat d’authenticité et des instructions précises pour son installation, soulignant que le fruit physique peut être remplacé – l’idée prime sur l’objet[3].

## Une critique du marché de l’art
L’œuvre fonctionne comme un *ready-made* contemporain, évoquant Marcel Duchamp :
– **Symbolisme du quotidien** : Une banale banane, achetée 0,30 $ dans une épicerie de Miami, devient un objet de luxe[3].
– **Ironie marchande** : En 2024, un exemplaire s’est vendu 6,2 millions de dollars (frais inclus) chez Sotheby’s à Justin Sun, entrepreneur en cryptomonnaies, qui a mangé le fruit lors d’une performance, déclarant que « la vraie valeur réside dans le concept »[3][4].
– **Marketing délibéré** : La tournée mondiale organisée par Sotheby’s (Paris, Tokyo, Dubaï) a transformé l’œuvre en événement médiatique, amplifiant sa dimension critique sur la spéculation artistique[1][4].

## Réactions et interprétations

**Arguments** | « Génie conceptuel » (Jason Fargo, *NY Times*)[2] | « Escroquerie » (Sebastian Smee, *Washington Post*)[2] |
**Symbolique** | Réflexion sur l’éphémère et la valeur subjective[1] | Dénonciation du gaspillage face à la faim mondiale[1] |
**Impact culturel** | Performance de David Datuna (*Hungry Artist*, 2019) et débat public[2][3] | Comparaison à « une blague de riche » (*The Guardian*)[3] |

## Héritage et paradoxes
*The Comedian* cristallise les tensions de l’art contemporain :
– **Démocratisation vs élitisme** : Alors que le vendeur de fruits Shah Alam (fournisseur de la banane) ignore tout de sa valeur[3], l’œuvre circule parmi les collectionneurs milliardaires.
– **Pérennité conceptuelle** : La consommation du fruit par des performeurs (Datuna, Sun) ne détruit pas l’œuvre – son essence réside dans son certificat et sa réplicabilité[1][3].
– **Miroir social** : Cattelan expose l’absurdité d’un système où « tout peut devenir art si le contexte le permet »[1], une idée renforcée par les réactions polarisées du public.

En définitive, *The Comedian* agit comme un catalyseur de débats sur la nature de l’art, oscillant entre farce potache et manifeste philosophique. Son succès tient autant à son absurdité apparente qu’à sa capacité à révéler les mécanismes cachés du monde de l’art – un paradoxe savamment orchestré par Cattelan.

Citations :
[1] https://magazine-art-mag.fr/maurizio-cattelan-et-the-comedian-quand-une-banane-interroge-le-monde-de-lart/
[2] https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedian_(Maurizio_Cattelan)
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedian_(artwork)
[4] https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2024/11/21/la-tres-chere-banane-de-maurizio-cattelan-chef-d-uvre-d-art-virtuel_6407252_3246.html
[5] https://magazine-acumen.com/art/comedian-maurizio-cattelan-banane-62-millions/
[6] https://www.jinkskunst.com/comedian-tribute-to-maurizio-cattelan1
[7] https://fr.storeparis.perrotin.com/collections/maurizio-cattelan

Gemini :
«  Comedian  » de Maurizio Cattelan
(1) Search for the artwork titled "Comedian" by Maurizio Cattelan to identify its key characteristics and components.
(2) Find information about the artist Maurizio Cattelan, including his artistic style and other notable works.
(3) Research the initial exhibition of "Comedian" at Art Basel Miami Beach, including the date and gallery.
(4) Investigate the various interpretations and meanings attributed to the artwork "Comedian".
(5) Find information about the public reaction and media coverage surrounding the artwork, including any controversies.
(6) Look for details regarding the sale of the different editions of "Comedian" and their prices.
(7) Explore any instances of vandalism or performance art related to "Comedian".
(8) Search for critical analyses or reviews of Maurizio Cattelan’s "Comedian" to understand its significance in contemporary art.
The Enigmatic Banana : An Analysis of Maurizio Cattelan’s «  Comedian  »Maurizio Cattelan stands as a prominent figure in contemporary art, an Italian artist celebrated for his conceptually driven works that often employ satire and provocation 1. His artistic practice is characterized by a sharp wit, a pervasive irony, and a tendency towards subversion, challenging established norms and expectations within both the art world and broader society 3. Cattelan’s oeuvre includes notable pieces such as "America," a fully functional toilet crafted from 18-karat gold, "The Ninth Hour," a sculpture depicting Pope John Paul II struck by a meteorite, and "Him," a startlingly realistic wax figure of Adolf Hitler kneeling in prayer 1. These works, often imbued with dark humor and a critical edge, have solidified Cattelan’s reputation as an artist unafraid to tackle sensitive subjects and question prevailing ideologies. This consistent use of provocative and humorous themes throughout his career suggests a deliberate artistic strategy aimed at engaging with and critiquing the conventions of the societal and artistic landscapes. Observing his other creations reveals a recurring pattern of utilizing shocking or absurd imagery to stimulate thought and dialogue, a pattern that provides crucial context for understanding the motivations and impact behind his seemingly simple artwork, «  Comedian  ».In 2019, Cattelan once again captured global attention with «  Comedian  », an artwork of striking simplicity : a fresh banana affixed to a wall with a piece of duct tape 5. This seemingly unassuming piece made its debut at the prestigious Art Basel Miami Beach in December of that year 4. The artwork immediately ignited a global firestorm of discussion and debate, with many questioning its very definition as art and pondering the reasons behind its considerable market value 4. The stark contrast between the artwork’s apparent simplicity and the intense reaction it generated underscores its effectiveness as a catalyst for broader conversations about the nature and value of art in contemporary society. A seemingly insignificant object eliciting such significant debate implies that the artwork’s power extends beyond its mere physical form. This report seeks to delve into the multifaceted aspects of «  Comedian  », exploring the questions it raises : What transforms a banana taped to a wall into a work of art ? Why did it command such exorbitant prices and capture the attention of global media ? And what does this phenomenon reveal about the contemporary art market and our fundamental understanding of value ?The physical manifestation of «  Comedian  » is remarkably straightforward, comprising simply a fresh banana and a piece of duct tape 5. It is crucial to note that these materials are intended to be replaceable ; the ephemeral banana itself is not considered the definitive artwork 5. The instructions for proper display specify that the banana should be affixed to the wall at a height of precisely 1.6 meters above the floor 5. Cattelan reportedly purchased the bananas used in the initial installations from a local grocery store in Miami for an estimated cost of just 30 cents 5. This deliberate use of everyday, inexpensive materials serves to underscore the conceptual nature of the work, effectively shifting the locus of value from the tangible object to the underlying idea. The low cost of the materials stands in stark contrast to the artwork’s high selling price, powerfully emphasizing that its value is not inherent in its physical components.At its core, «  Comedian  » exists as a conceptual artwork, with its primary component being a certificate of authenticity (COA) 5. This certificate includes detailed diagrams and precise instructions for the artwork’s proper display 5. Importantly, the COA grants the owner the explicit right to reproduce the artwork, ensuring that the concept can be re-enacted using fresh, readily available materials 7. In this context, the certificate of authenticity transcends its traditional function as mere documentation of origin ; it becomes the tangible embodiment of the artwork’s value and its status as an authentic creation by Maurizio Cattelan. Since the physical components are intentionally replaceable, the COA serves as the unique and enduring element that confirms the work’s legitimacy and its connection to the artist’s original concept.The genesis of «  Comedian  » reveals insights into Cattelan’s artistic process and intentions. He reportedly conceived the idea of creating a sculpture in the shape of a banana and, during his travels, began purchasing bananas as sources of inspiration 4. He experimented with various iterations, including models in resin, bronze, and painted bronze, before ultimately returning to the simplicity of an actual banana 4. The title itself, "Comedian," offers a crucial clue to the artist’s mindset, suggesting a playful and humorous approach aimed at challenging the established boundaries of what can be considered art 4. Cattelan himself has described the work as a "sincere reflection on consumerism and value in the art world," indicating a deliberate commentary on the often-perplexing mechanisms that determine worth within the contemporary art market and the broader culture of consumerism 7. This statement from the artist provides a direct lens through which to interpret his intentions, explicitly linking the artwork to specific societal critiques.To fully appreciate «  Comedian  », it is essential to consider its place within the historical trajectory of conceptual art. The artwork draws a clear lineage to Marcel Duchamp’s revolutionary "readymades," most notably his 1917 work "Fountain" (a signed urinal presented as art), which fundamentally questioned traditional definitions of artistic skill and aesthetic value 4. Cattelan himself had previously explored the use of unconventional materials and provocative installations, including his 1999 work "A Perfect Day," which involved duct-taping the art dealer Massimo De Carlo to a gallery wall 5. The seemingly simple act of affixing an object to a wall also bears a resemblance to Andy Warhol’s pop art depictions of everyday items, particularly his iconic fruit imagery 5. Interestingly, a similar, albeit less publicized, work titled "Meth Fountain" by the American conceptual interventionist Meth Fountain, featuring a half-eaten croissant taped to a wall, appeared at the Foire Internationale d’Art Contemporain in Paris several months prior to the debut of «  Comedian  » 5. Placing «  Comedian  » within this historical context of conceptual art, particularly in relation to Duchamp’s groundbreaking work, lends credence to its artistic merit beyond its seemingly absurd presentation. Identifying these artistic precedents demonstrates that Cattelan’s approach is not entirely novel but rather part of a recognized tradition within art history that challenges conventional artistic norms and encourages a re-evaluation of what constitutes art.«  Comedian  » was first unveiled to the public at the Perrotin Gallery booth during Art Basel Miami Beach in December 2019 4. Notably, this marked Cattelan’s return to creating artwork specifically for an art fair after a hiatus of over fifteen years 5. The artwork’s debut triggered an immediate and intense wave of media attention, rapidly spreading across social media platforms and capturing the public’s imagination on a global scale 4. It quickly became one of the most talked-about artworks of the year, dominating art world conversations and even spilling into mainstream news cycles 4. The artwork’s notoriety was further amplified by its appearance on the cover of The New York Post, solidifying its status as a significant cultural phenomenon 4. This immediate and intense media attention underscores the artwork’s remarkable success in capturing public imagination and sparking widespread debate, irrespective of individual opinions regarding its artistic merit. The viral nature of the artwork suggests a profound resonance with contemporary culture and the rapid, often unpredictable, ways in which information and images are disseminated in the digital age.«  Comedian  » was created in a limited edition of three, further contributing to its exclusivity and market value 5. During the VIP preview of Art Basel Miami Beach, the first two editions of the artwork were sold for a price of $120,000 each 4. The third edition’s price was subsequently raised to $150,000 and was reportedly acquired by a buyer with ties to the prestigious Guggenheim Museum, further enhancing the artwork’s institutional recognition 5. This high initial selling price for an object that appeared to be nothing more than a piece of fruit taped to a wall immediately fueled the burgeoning controversy and intensified the ongoing discussion surrounding the true value of art within the contemporary market. The significant monetary value assigned to the artwork from its inception became a central point of contention and a crucial aspect of its broader commentary on the economic structures that underpin the art world.The unexpected popularity of «  Comedian  » led to significant crowds gathering at the Perrotin Gallery booth, eager to witness the now-infamous banana 5. The sheer volume of visitors and the ensuing excitement surrounding the artwork eventually led to its temporary removal from display due to safety concerns arising from uncontrollable crowd movements 5. Following the removal, the gallery issued a statement reflecting on the artwork’s impact, suggesting that «  Comedian  », despite its simple composition, ultimately offered a "complex reflection of ourselves" and the way we engage with art 5. The necessity for crowd management underscores the artwork’s surprising ability to attract a wide and diverse audience, including many individuals who might not typically engage with contemporary art. The public’s strong desire to see and interact with the artwork highlights its cultural impact, extending its reach far beyond the traditional confines of the art world and demonstrating its capacity to capture the attention of the general public.One of the most prevalent interpretations of «  Comedian  » centers on its role as a sharp critique of the contemporary art market and the often-perceived absurdities of its valuation system 7. The seemingly arbitrary assignment of a six-figure price tag to a commonplace object like a banana taped to a wall compels viewers to question the very foundations of value within the art world. Many argue that the buyers were not purchasing the physical banana itself, but rather investing in the underlying concept, the artist’s established reputation, and the cultural cachet associated with owning such a provocative piece 4. This interpretation resonates with the popular "Arrested Development" gag featuring the character Lucile Bluth, who famously seemed oblivious to the actual price of a banana, highlighting a perceived disconnect between the wealthy elite and the value of everyday items 5. Ultimately, the artwork forces a fundamental re-evaluation of what truly constitutes value within the realm of art, challenging the traditional emphasis on material worth and instead highlighting the significance of conceptual weight and artistic intent.Beyond its commentary on the art market, «  Comedian⯨ » is widely understood as a prime example of conceptual art, a movement where the underlying idea or concept takes precedence over traditional aesthetic or technical considerations 4. The artwork firmly aligns with the Duchampian legacy of the "readymade," where ordinary, mass-produced objects are elevated to the status of art simply by the artist’s selection and presentation 4. Proponents of this view argue that «  Comedian  »’s ability to provoke thought, spark dialogue, and elicit emotional responses is precisely what qualifies it as a legitimate work of art 4. In this sense, the artwork challenges deeply ingrained notions of what art should be, shifting the focus from visual appreciation or technical skill to intellectual engagement and the power of an idea.Satire and humor are integral components of Maurizio Cattelan’s artistic style, and they play a significant role in the interpretation and reception of «  Comedian  » 1. His work is often described as "tongue-in-cheek," employing wit and irony to address serious themes in an accessible and often humorous manner 5. Emmanuel Perrotin, the gallerist who exhibited the work, aptly described «  Comedian⯨ » as a "classic device for humor," highlighting the artist’s intention to inject a sense of playfulness into the often-solemn world of contemporary art 5. The inherent humor in the juxtaposition of a mundane banana and a substantial price tag makes the artwork’s critique more palatable and engaging, inviting a broader audience to participate in the conversation about art and its value.Another layer of interpretation centers on the perishable nature of the banana itself, seen as a potent symbol of impermanence and the fleeting nature of existence, both in life and in art 4. The act of taping the banana to the wall can be viewed as a futile attempt to preserve something inherently ephemeral, highlighting the tension between the transient nature of life and the human desire for lasting significance 4. The inevitable decay of the banana serves as a visual metaphor for mortality and the transient aspects of both physical existence and artistic creations, prompting viewers to contemplate the ephemeral nature of meaning itself.Despite the widespread attention and the enthusiasm of some collectors, «  Comedian  » was not without its detractors. Several writers and critics openly questioned whether a banana taped to a wall could legitimately be considered art 5. Artnet, for instance, dismissed the piece as one of the worst artworks of the week, suggesting that Cattelan had somehow "duped" collectors into paying exorbitant sums for such a trivial object 5. Some critics argued that the artwork represented a "devolution" of art into mere gimmickry, where spectacle and shock value overshadowed any genuine artistic substance 8. These strong negative reactions underscore the inherently divisive nature of conceptual art and the ongoing, often contentious, debate surrounding the ever-evolving boundaries of artistic expression and what criteria should be used to evaluate its merit. The controversy itself becomes an integral part of the artwork’s narrative and its overall impact, demonstrating its remarkable ability to provoke strong and often polarized opinions within the art world and beyond.The public reaction to «  Comedian  » was remarkably diverse, spanning the spectrum from amusement and bemusement to outright confusion and even anger 4. The image of the banana taped to the wall rapidly went viral, becoming a ubiquitous presence on social media platforms and sparking countless memes, parodies, and discussions 8. This widespread dissemination had a democratizing effect, bringing conversations about contemporary art to a vast audience, many of whom might not typically engage with the art world 8. The artwork’s accessibility and its inherent meme-ability played a significant role in its viral success and its ability to transcend the traditional confines of the art world, entering the realm of popular culture. The simplicity of the image allowed for easy sharing and interpretation, making it a readily digestible topic of conversation online and in everyday life.The immense popularity of «  Comedian  » also led to a proliferation of parodies and imitations online, further solidifying its place in the cultural zeitgeist. One notable example was designer Sebastian ErraZuriz’s humorous response, which involved taping a dildo to a wall and listing it for sale at the comparatively modest price of $12,000 5. The creation of such parodies serves as a testament to the artwork’s significant cultural impact and its integration into popular visual language. Imitation, in this context, signifies a form of recognition and engagement with the original artwork’s central concept, albeit often through a lens of humor or critique.Interestingly, the very act of engaging with «  Comedian  » became part of its narrative. Art Basel Miami Beach itself acknowledged this phenomenon, suggesting in an Instagram post that visitors who waited in line to take photographs with the artwork were, in fact, "participating" in its unfolding story 13. This highlights the artwork’s ability to encourage audience interaction, blurring the traditional lines between observer and participant and contributing to its performative dimension. The act of physically engaging with the artwork, even through something as simple as taking a photograph, became an integral aspect of its meaning and its overall impact.The initial run of «  Comedian  » at Art Basel Miami Beach in 2019 was marked by a memorable act of performance art. Georgian artist David Datuna approached the installation, removed the banana from the wall, and proceeded to eat it, documenting the act on social media and titling his impromptu performance "Hungry Artist" 5. Datuna declared that his action was not vandalism but rather an artistic intervention, stating that "the real value is the concept itself" 5. The Perrotin Gallery, which represented the artwork, responded by simply replacing the eaten banana, with gallery director Terras famously stating, "He did not destroy the art work. The banana is the idea" 17. Datuna’s act further underscored the conceptual nature of the artwork, emphasizing the separation between the physical object and the underlying artistic idea, and sparked further debate about the artwork’s meaning and its inherent impermanence.Adding another layer of unexpected incident to the «  Comedian  » saga, the wall where the banana had been displayed was vandalized with graffiti. The phrase "Epstien (sic) didn’t kill himself" was scrawled on the white wall in red lipstick 17. While this act of vandalism was entirely unrelated to the artwork’s intended meaning or Cattelan’s artistic intentions, it nonetheless became another notable event in the artwork’s brief but eventful public life at Art Basel. The graffiti was later covered up by exhibitors 20. This incident, while separate from the artwork itself, reflects the charged atmosphere and the wide range of interpretations and reactions that «  Comedian  » seemed to elicit from the public.The banana at the center of «  Comedian  » once again found itself the object of consumption in April 2023. While the artwork was on display at the Leeum Museum of Art in Seoul, South Korea, as part of Cattelan’s solo exhibition "WE," a hungry art student named Noh Huyn-soo removed the banana from the wall and ate it 7. When questioned about his actions, Noh stated that he had skipped breakfast that day and was simply hungry 7. In a further twist, he then proceeded to tape the banana peel back onto the wall, creating his own impromptu modification of the artwork 7. Cattelan’s response to this second instance of his artwork being eaten was characteristically nonchalant, reportedly stating, "no problem at all" 18. This second act of consumption reinforces the artwork’s implicit invitation for interaction and further blurs the lines between art, performance, and perhaps even vandalism, raising ongoing questions about the treatment and value of conceptual art.Beyond the acts of consumption and graffiti, «  Comedian  » also became the subject of a legal challenge. California-based artist Joe Morford filed a lawsuit against Maurizio Cattelan, alleging copyright infringement of his own 2000 work titled "Banana & Orange." Morford’s work features plastic replicas of a banana and an orange duct-taped to two green panels 5. Morford claimed that Cattelan’s «  Comedian  » unfairly copied his earlier creation and that Cattelan may have been aware of and influenced by his work 5. In a preliminary ruling, Judge Robert N. Scola Jr. rejected Cattelan’s motion to dismiss the case, allowing the lawsuit to proceed 5. This legal challenge highlights the complex issues surrounding originality and intellectual property within the realm of conceptual art, where seemingly simple ideas can still be subject to legal protection and debate.The initial sales of the three editions of «  Comedian  » at Art Basel Miami Beach in 2019, priced at $120,000 and $150,000, respectively, immediately established the artwork’s significant, and for many, perplexing, market value 4. These sales garnered substantial media attention, further amplifying the artwork’s notoriety and fueling the ongoing discourse about its meaning and worth 5.In a dramatic turn of events, one of the three editions of «  Comedian  » was put up for auction at Sotheby’s in New York in November 2024 as part of "The Now and Contemporary Evening Auction" 5. The artwork carried a pre-sale estimate of $1 million to $1.5 million USD 7. The auction exceeded all expectations, with the piece ultimately selling for a staggering $6.2 million USD (including buyer’s fees) to cryptocurrency entrepreneur Justin Sun 2. In a characteristically provocative gesture, Sun announced his intention to eat the banana, comparing it to a crypto asset and stating that "the real value is the concept itself" 5. Sun also declared his plan to purchase 100,000 bananas from the street vendor who supplied the fruit for the most recent refresh of the artwork, adding another layer of complexity to the narrative 5. This dramatic increase in value from the initial sale to the auction demonstrates the artwork’s remarkable market appreciation and its ascent to the status of a highly coveted piece of contemporary art. The auction results unequivocally validate the initial intense interest in the artwork and solidify its significant financial value within the contemporary art market.As with the initial sales, the Sotheby’s auction further underscored the crucial role of the certificate of authenticity in determining the artwork’s market value 7. The auction lot did not include the original banana or duct tape from 2019 but rather the rights to recreate the artwork using fresh materials, accompanied by the all-important certificate of authenticity 7. This reinforces the fundamental idea that the artwork’s value resides not in its physical components, which are readily replaceable, but in the underlying concept and the artist’s authorization to reproduce it. The market’s pronounced valuation of the COA over the tangible banana powerfully highlights the unique economic dynamics that govern conceptual art, where intangible ideas and artistic authorship can command substantial prices, often far exceeding the material cost of the artwork’s physical manifestation.The market performance of «  Comedian  », particularly its recent auction result, can be contextualized by comparing it to other significant conceptual artworks that have achieved high prices at auction, such as Marcel Duchamp’s "Fountain" or the immaterial "Zones of Immaterial Pictorial Sensibility" by Yves Klein 5. These comparisons help to understand the financial success of «  Comedian  » as part of a broader trend within the contemporary art market that increasingly values conceptual innovation and artistic reputation over traditional notions of skill or material preciousness. Placing «  Comedian⯨ » within this established context of the conceptual art market provides a valuable benchmark for understanding its economic significance and its place within the evolving landscape of art valuation.«  Comedian  », in its seemingly simple form, has profoundly challenged traditional notions of what constitutes art and has reignited the enduring dialogue about the very essence of artistic creation 4. Its unexpected appearance and subsequent market success serve as a potent reminder that the definition of art is not static but rather fluid and constantly being renegotiated, particularly within the dynamic realm of conceptual art. The artwork’s very existence and the diverse range of reactions it has provoked contribute significantly to this ongoing evolution of our understanding of what can be considered art in the contemporary world.The artwork’s inherent simplicity and its rapid dissemination through viral channels on the internet have played a crucial role in opening up conversations about art to a far wider public than typically engages with the often-insular art world 8. By capturing the attention of individuals who might otherwise feel excluded from or intimidated by contemporary art, «  Comedian  » has effectively democratized art discourse, making it a subject of discussion and debate for a broad and diverse audience. The artwork’s viral spread facilitated broader participation in art-related discussions, extending its reach far beyond the traditional gallery setting and into the everyday lives of people across the globe.«  Comedian  » firmly positions itself within the lineage of conceptual art, directly echoing the radical gestures of Marcel Duchamp and the tradition of readymade art that he pioneered 4. By presenting an ordinary, mass-produced object as art, Cattelan carries forward this tradition of questioning established artistic conventions and challenging viewers to reconsider their preconceived notions about art’s definition and value. «  Comedian  » stands as a significant work of the 21st century that consciously builds upon this historical foundation, continuing the ongoing project of pushing the boundaries of artistic expression.Finally, «  Comedian  » serves as a potent reflection on consumer culture and the often-arbitrary nature of value assignment in contemporary society 5. The artwork’s remarkable market success, despite its apparent simplicity and the low cost of its constituent materials, prompts a critical examination of the societal mechanisms that determine worth, both within the specialized realm of the art world and in the broader context of economic systems and consumer behavior. «  Comedian  » uses the inherent absurdity of its high price tag to highlight the often-unexamined assumptions and conventions that underpin our understanding and assignment of value in consumer society.Sales History of "Comedian"
Date of SaleLocation of SaleEdition NumberSelling Price (USD)BuyerDecember 2019Art Basel Miami Beach1$120,000Private Collector
In conclusion, Maurizio Cattelan’s «  Comedian  », an artwork that on the surface appears to be a trivial gesture of taping a banana to a wall, has proven to be a remarkably powerful catalyst for debate and profound reflection on the fundamental nature of art, the complex dynamics of value, and the intricate workings of the contemporary art market. Its journey from a $120,000 debut at Art Basel Miami Beach to a staggering $6.2 million auction sale at Sotheby’s, punctuated by unexpected acts of consumption, instances of vandalism, and even a copyright infringement lawsuit, unequivocally underscores its enduring significance as a work that continues to provoke, amuse, and challenge audiences across the globe. Ultimately, «  Comedian  » transcends its simple composition, serving as a compelling mirror that reflects our often-complex and contradictory relationship with art and the multifaceted systems that govern its perception and its perceived worth in the 21st century.

Deepseek :
Okay, so I need to understand Maurizio Cattelan’s "Comedian." Let me start by recalling what I know. I think it’s the banana duct-taped to a wall that was at Art Basel Miami in 2019. There was a lot of buzz around it. The artwork sold for a high price, right ? Like $120,000 or something. But why is that considered art ? People were confused and some even outraged.

First, I should figure out what the artwork consists of. It’s a real banana taped to a wall with duct tape. The artist provided a certificate of authenticity, so the idea is that the concept matters more than the physical object. The banana can be replaced when it rots. So it’s more about the idea than the actual banana. That’s a common theme in conceptual art.

Maurizio Cattelan is known for provocative works. For example, his golden toilet called "America" which was a functional toilet made of gold. So he likes to challenge the art world and societal norms. "Comedian" probably fits into that pattern. The title "Comedian" suggests humor or irony. Maybe he’s poking fun at the art market where something simple can be sold for so much just because it’s labeled as art.

But why a banana ? Bananas are everyday objects, maybe symbolizing something mundane. The duct tape could represent a quick fix or impermanence. The fact that the banana can rot and be replaced touches on themes of decay and the ephemeral nature of art. It’s like a metaphor for how art is valued—maybe the value isn’t in the object itself but in the idea or the name attached to it.

There was controversy when another artist ate the banana during the exhibition. David Datuna, I think. That performance was called "Hungry Artist." The gallery replaced the banana, which shows that the physical object isn’t the main point. The act of eating it became part of the artwork’s narrative. This raises questions about authorship and the boundaries of art. If someone interacts with the piece, does it become their art ? Or does it still belong to the original artist ?

The high price tag is a big part of the discussion. People argue about whether it’s a critique of the art market’s excesses or if it’s just a gimmick. Cattelan might be highlighting how context and reputation can inflate an object’s value. The art world often debates what constitutes art, and this piece forces that conversation. It’s similar to Duchamp’s "Fountain," which was a urinal signed by the artist. That was controversial too, challenging notions of art and authorship.

Another angle is the role of the audience and media. The artwork went viral, which contributed to its fame. The spectacle and public reaction are part of its impact. It’s a commentary on how social media and hype can drive the perception of value in art. The piece becomes more about the discussion it generates than the object itself.

I should also consider Cattelan’s other works. He has a history of satirical pieces. For instance, "Him," a sculpture of Hitler kneeling, which provokes discomfort and reflection. So "Comedian" is in line with his approach to using simple, shocking elements to provoke thought and debate.

Critics might say it’s a prank or not serious art, but supporters argue it’s a valid critique. The debate itself is part of the artwork’s purpose. It makes people question what art is and how value is assigned. The banana, being a perishable item, contrasts with traditional art materials like paint or bronze, which are meant to last. This impermanence challenges the idea of art as a lasting legacy.

In summary, "Comedian" uses a simple object to explore complex themes : value, authenticity, impermanence, and the role of the art market. The interaction with the audience, both in person and through media, amplifies its impact. Cattelan’s work often blurs the line between art and life, and this piece is a prime example of that.

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Maurizio Cattelan’s "Comedian" (2019) : A Conceptual Art Phenomenon

Overview :
"Comedian" is a provocative conceptual artwork by Italian artist Maurizio Cattelan, first exhibited at Art Basel Miami in 2019. It consists of a ripe banana duct-taped to a gallery wall, accompanied by a certificate of authenticity. The piece sparked global debate, selling for 120,000–120,000–150,000 and epitomizing Cattelan’s satirical critique of art-world dynamics.

Key Themes and Interpretations :

Concept Over Object :

The banana, a mundane, perishable item, is replaceable (as demonstrated when artist David Datuna ate it, prompting the gallery to install a new one). The certificate, not the fruit, holds the work’s value, emphasizing ideas over materiality—a hallmark of conceptual art.

Critique of Art Market Excess :

The exorbitant price challenges perceptions of value, questioning how context, branding, and speculation inflate worth. Cattelan mirrors Marcel Duchamp’s "Fountain" (1917), undermining traditional notions of artistry and authorship.

Ephemerality and Decay :

The banana’s inevitable rot contrasts with art’s typical permanence, highlighting impermanence and the absurdity of commodifying transient objects.

Audience and Spectacle :

Viral media attention and public interaction (e.g., Datuna’s performance) became integral to the work. The piece thrives on controversy, underscoring how social media amplifies art’s cultural impact.

Humor and Irony :

The title "Comedian" reflects Cattelan’s dark wit, mocking art-world pretensions. The banana’s simplicity subverts expectations of "high art," inviting laughter and disbelief.

Context Within Cattelan’s Oeuvre :

Cattelan is known for irreverent, satirical works like "America" (2016), a functional gold toilet, and "Him" (2001), a kneeling Hitler statue. "Comedian" continues his tradition of using absurdity to provoke reflection on power, value, and morality.

Criticisms and Legacy :

Detractors dismissed it as a prank or symbol of art-market decadence. Supporters praised its sharp critique and ability to ignite discourse. Regardless, it cemented Cattelan’s reputation as a master of cultural commentary, challenging viewers to confront uncomfortable truths about art’s role in society.

Conclusion :
"Comedian" transcends its physical form to interrogate art’s essence, value, and ephemerality. By reducing art to a banana and duct tape, Cattelan holds a mirror to the contradictions of the art world, proving that even the simplest gestures can spark profound dialogue.

The Enigmatic Banana : An Analysis of Maurizio Cattelan’s «  Comedian  »Maurizio Cattelan stands as a prominent figure in contemporary art, an Italian artist celebrated for his conceptually driven works that often employ satire and provocation 1. His artistic practice is characterized by a sharp wit, a pervasive irony, and a tendency towards subversion, challenging established norms and expectations within both the art world and broader society 3. Cattelan’s oeuvre includes notable pieces such as "America," a fully functional toilet crafted from 18-karat gold, "The Ninth Hour," a sculpture depicting Pope John Paul II struck by a meteorite, and "Him," a startlingly realistic wax figure of Adolf Hitler kneeling in prayer 1. These works, often imbued with dark humor and a critical edge, have solidified Cattelan’s reputation as an artist unafraid to tackle sensitive subjects and question prevailing ideologies. This consistent use of provocative and humorous themes throughout his career suggests a deliberate artistic strategy aimed at engaging with and critiquing the conventions of the societal and artistic landscapes. Observing his other creations reveals a recurring pattern of utilizing shocking or absurd imagery to stimulate thought and dialogue, a pattern that provides crucial context for understanding the motivations and impact behind his seemingly simple artwork, «  Comedian  ».In 2019, Cattelan once again captured global attention with «  Comedian  », an artwork of striking simplicity : a fresh banana affixed to a wall with a piece of duct tape 5. This seemingly unassuming piece made its debut at the prestigious Art Basel Miami Beach in December of that year 4. The artwork immediately ignited a global firestorm of discussion and debate, with many questioning its very definition as art and pondering the reasons behind its considerable market value 4. The stark contrast between the artwork’s apparent simplicity and the intense reaction it generated underscores its effectiveness as a catalyst for broader conversations about the nature and value of art in contemporary society. A seemingly insignificant object eliciting such significant debate implies that the artwork’s power extends beyond its mere physical form. This report seeks to delve into the multifaceted aspects of «  Comedian  », exploring the questions it raises : What transforms a banana taped to a wall into a work of art ? Why did it command such exorbitant prices and capture the attention of global media ? And what does this phenomenon reveal about the contemporary art market and our fundamental understanding of value ?The physical manifestation of «  Comedian  » is remarkably straightforward, comprising simply a fresh banana and a piece of duct tape 5. It is crucial to note that these materials are intended to be replaceable ; the ephemeral banana itself is not considered the definitive artwork 5. The instructions for proper display specify that the banana should be affixed to the wall at a height of precisely 1.6 meters above the floor 5. Cattelan reportedly purchased the bananas used in the initial installations from a local grocery store in Miami for an estimated cost of just 30 cents 5. This deliberate use of everyday, inexpensive materials serves to underscore the conceptual nature of the work, effectively shifting the locus of value from the tangible object to the underlying idea. The low cost of the materials stands in stark contrast to the artwork’s high selling price, powerfully emphasizing that its value is not inherent in its physical components.At its core, «  Comedian  » exists as a conceptual artwork, with its primary component being a certificate of authenticity (COA) 5. This certificate includes detailed diagrams and precise instructions for the artwork’s proper display 5. Importantly, the COA grants the owner the explicit right to reproduce the artwork, ensuring that the concept can be re-enacted using fresh, readily available materials 7. In this context, the certificate of authenticity transcends its traditional function as mere documentation of origin ; it becomes the tangible embodiment of the artwork’s value and its status as an authentic creation by Maurizio Cattelan. Since the physical components are intentionally replaceable, the COA serves as the unique and enduring element that confirms the work’s legitimacy and its connection to the artist’s original concept.The genesis of «  Comedian  » reveals insights into Cattelan’s artistic process and intentions. He reportedly conceived the idea of creating a sculpture in the shape of a banana and, during his travels, began purchasing bananas as sources of inspiration 4. He experimented with various iterations, including models in resin, bronze, and painted bronze, before ultimately returning to the simplicity of an actual banana 4. The title itself, "Comedian," offers a crucial clue to the artist’s mindset, suggesting a playful and humorous approach aimed at challenging the established boundaries of what can be considered art 4. Cattelan himself has described the work as a "sincere reflection on consumerism and value in the art world," indicating a deliberate commentary on the often-perplexing mechanisms that determine worth within the contemporary art market and the broader culture of consumerism 7. This statement from the artist provides a direct lens through which to interpret his intentions, explicitly linking the artwork to specific societal critiques.To fully appreciate «  Comedian  », it is essential to consider its place within the historical trajectory of conceptual art. The artwork draws a clear lineage to Marcel Duchamp’s revolutionary "readymades," most notably his 1917 work "Fountain" (a signed urinal presented as art), which fundamentally questioned traditional definitions of artistic skill and aesthetic value 4. Cattelan himself had previously explored the use of unconventional materials and provocative installations, including his 1999 work "A Perfect Day," which involved duct-taping the art dealer Massimo De Carlo to a gallery wall 5. The seemingly simple act of affixing an object to a wall also bears a resemblance to Andy Warhol’s pop art depictions of everyday items, particularly his iconic fruit imagery 5. Interestingly, a similar, albeit less publicized, work titled "Meth Fountain" by the American conceptual interventionist Meth Fountain, featuring a half-eaten croissant taped to a wall, appeared at the Foire Internationale d’Art Contemporain in Paris several months prior to the debut of «  Comedian  » 5. Placing «  Comedian  » within this historical context of conceptual art, particularly in relation to Duchamp’s groundbreaking work, lends credence to its artistic merit beyond its seemingly absurd presentation. Identifying these artistic precedents demonstrates that Cattelan’s approach is not entirely novel but rather part of a recognized tradition within art history that challenges conventional artistic norms and encourages a re-evaluation of what constitutes art.«  Comedian  » was first unveiled to the public at the Perrotin Gallery booth during Art Basel Miami Beach in December 2019 4. Notably, this marked Cattelan’s return to creating artwork specifically for an art fair after a hiatus of over fifteen years 5. The artwork’s debut triggered an immediate and intense wave of media attention, rapidly spreading across social media platforms and capturing the public’s imagination on a global scale 4. It quickly became one of the most talked-about artworks of the year, dominating art world conversations and even spilling into mainstream news cycles 4. The artwork’s notoriety was further amplified by its appearance on the cover of The New York Post, solidifying its status as a significant cultural phenomenon 4. This immediate and intense media attention underscores the artwork’s remarkable success in capturing public imagination and sparking widespread debate, irrespective of individual opinions regarding its artistic merit. The viral nature of the artwork suggests a profound resonance with contemporary culture and the rapid, often unpredictable, ways in which information and images are disseminated in the digital age.«  Comedian  » was created in a limited edition of three, further contributing to its exclusivity and market value 5. During the VIP preview of Art Basel Miami Beach, the first two editions of the artwork were sold for a price of $120,000 each 4. The third edition’s price was subsequently raised to $150,000 and was reportedly acquired by a buyer with ties to the prestigious Guggenheim Museum, further enhancing the artwork’s institutional recognition 5. This high initial selling price for an object that appeared to be nothing more than a piece of fruit taped to a wall immediately fueled the burgeoning controversy and intensified the ongoing discussion surrounding the true value of art within the contemporary market. The significant monetary value assigned to the artwork from its inception became a central point of contention and a crucial aspect of its broader commentary on the economic structures that underpin the art world.The unexpected popularity of «  Comedian  » led to significant crowds gathering at the Perrotin Gallery booth, eager to witness the now-infamous banana 5. The sheer volume of visitors and the ensuing excitement surrounding the artwork eventually led to its temporary removal from display due to safety concerns arising from uncontrollable crowd movements 5. Following the removal, the gallery issued a statement reflecting on the artwork’s impact, suggesting that «  Comedian  », despite its simple composition, ultimately offered a "complex reflection of ourselves" and the way we engage with art 5. The necessity for crowd management underscores the artwork’s surprising ability to attract a wide and diverse audience, including many individuals who might not typically engage with contemporary art. The public’s strong desire to see and interact with the artwork highlights its cultural impact, extending its reach far beyond the traditional confines of the art world and demonstrating its capacity to capture the attention of the general public.One of the most prevalent interpretations of «  Comedian  » centers on its role as a sharp critique of the contemporary art market and the often-perceived absurdities of its valuation system 7. The seemingly arbitrary assignment of a six-figure price tag to a commonplace object like a banana taped to a wall compels viewers to question the very foundations of value within the art world. Many argue that the buyers were not purchasing the physical banana itself, but rather investing in the underlying concept, the artist’s established reputation, and the cultural cachet associated with owning such a provocative piece 4. This interpretation resonates with the popular "Arrested Development" gag featuring the character Lucile Bluth, who famously seemed oblivious to the actual price of a banana, highlighting a perceived disconnect between the wealthy elite and the value of everyday items 5. Ultimately, the artwork forces a fundamental re-evaluation of what truly constitutes value within the realm of art, challenging the traditional emphasis on material worth and instead highlighting the significance of conceptual weight and artistic intent.Beyond its commentary on the art market, «  Comedian⯨ » is widely understood as a prime example of conceptual art, a movement where the underlying idea or concept takes precedence over traditional aesthetic or technical considerations 4. The artwork firmly aligns with the Duchampian legacy of the "readymade," where ordinary, mass-produced objects are elevated to the status of art simply by the artist’s selection and presentation 4. Proponents of this view argue that «  Comedian  »’s ability to provoke thought, spark dialogue, and elicit emotional responses is precisely what qualifies it as a legitimate work of art 4. In this sense, the artwork challenges deeply ingrained notions of what art should be, shifting the focus from visual appreciation or technical skill to intellectual engagement and the power of an idea.Satire and humor are integral components of Maurizio Cattelan’s artistic style, and they play a significant role in the interpretation and reception of «  Comedian  » 1. His work is often described as "tongue-in-cheek," employing wit and irony to address serious themes in an accessible and often humorous manner 5. Emmanuel Perrotin, the gallerist who exhibited the work, aptly described «  Comedian⯨ » as a "classic device for humor," highlighting the artist’s intention to inject a sense of playfulness into the often-solemn world of contemporary art 5. The inherent humor in the juxtaposition of a mundane banana and a substantial price tag makes the artwork’s critique more palatable and engaging, inviting a broader audience to participate in the conversation about art and its value.Another layer of interpretation centers on the perishable nature of the banana itself, seen as a potent symbol of impermanence and the fleeting nature of existence, both in life and in art 4. The act of taping the banana to the wall can be viewed as a futile attempt to preserve something inherently ephemeral, highlighting the tension between the transient nature of life and the human desire for lasting significance 4. The inevitable decay of the banana serves as a visual metaphor for mortality and the transient aspects of both physical existence and artistic creations, prompting viewers to contemplate the ephemeral nature of meaning itself.Despite the widespread attention and the enthusiasm of some collectors, «  Comedian  » was not without its detractors. Several writers and critics openly questioned whether a banana taped to a wall could legitimately be considered art 5. Artnet, for instance, dismissed the piece as one of the worst artworks of the week, suggesting that Cattelan had somehow "duped" collectors into paying exorbitant sums for such a trivial object 5. Some critics argued that the artwork represented a "devolution" of art into mere gimmickry, where spectacle and shock value overshadowed any genuine artistic substance 8. These strong negative reactions underscore the inherently divisive nature of conceptual art and the ongoing, often contentious, debate surrounding the ever-evolving boundaries of artistic expression and what criteria should be used to evaluate its merit. The controversy itself becomes an integral part of the artwork’s narrative and its overall impact, demonstrating its remarkable ability to provoke strong and often polarized opinions within the art world and beyond.The public reaction to «  Comedian  » was remarkably diverse, spanning the spectrum from amusement and bemusement to outright confusion and even anger 4. The image of the banana taped to the wall rapidly went viral, becoming a ubiquitous presence on social media platforms and sparking countless memes, parodies, and discussions 8. This widespread dissemination had a democratizing effect, bringing conversations about contemporary art to a vast audience, many of whom might not typically engage with the art world 8. The artwork’s accessibility and its inherent meme-ability played a significant role in its viral success and its ability to transcend the traditional confines of the art world, entering the realm of popular culture. The simplicity of the image allowed for easy sharing and interpretation, making it a readily digestible topic of conversation online and in everyday life.The immense popularity of «  Comedian  » also led to a proliferation of parodies and imitations online, further solidifying its place in the cultural zeitgeist. One notable example was designer Sebastian ErraZuriz’s humorous response, which involved taping a dildo to a wall and listing it for sale at the comparatively modest price of $12,000 5. The creation of such parodies serves as a testament to the artwork’s significant cultural impact and its integration into popular visual language. Imitation, in this context, signifies a form of recognition and engagement with the original artwork’s central concept, albeit often through a lens of humor or critique.Interestingly, the very act of engaging with «  Comedian  » became part of its narrative. Art Basel Miami Beach itself acknowledged this phenomenon, suggesting in an Instagram post that visitors who waited in line to take photographs with the artwork were, in fact, "participating" in its unfolding story 13. This highlights the artwork’s ability to encourage audience interaction, blurring the traditional lines between observer and participant and contributing to its performative dimension. The act of physically engaging with the artwork, even through something as simple as taking a photograph, became an integral aspect of its meaning and its overall impact.The initial run of «  Comedian  » at Art Basel Miami Beach in 2019 was marked by a memorable act of performance art. Georgian artist David Datuna approached the installation, removed the banana from the wall, and proceeded to eat it, documenting the act on social media and titling his impromptu performance "Hungry Artist" 5. Datuna declared that his action was not vandalism but rather an artistic intervention, stating that "the real value is the concept itself" 5. The Perrotin Gallery, which represented the artwork, responded by simply replacing the eaten banana, with gallery director Terras famously stating, "He did not destroy the art work. The banana is the idea" 17. Datuna’s act further underscored the conceptual nature of the artwork, emphasizing the separation between the physical object and the underlying artistic idea, and sparked further debate about the artwork’s meaning and its inherent impermanence.Adding another layer of unexpected incident to the «  Comedian  » saga, the wall where the banana had been displayed was vandalized with graffiti. The phrase "Epstien (sic) didn’t kill himself" was scrawled on the white wall in red lipstick 17. While this act of vandalism was entirely unrelated to the artwork’s intended meaning or Cattelan’s artistic intentions, it nonetheless became another notable event in the artwork’s brief but eventful public life at Art Basel. The graffiti was later covered up by exhibitors 20. This incident, while separate from the artwork itself, reflects the charged atmosphere and the wide range of interpretations and reactions that «  Comedian  » seemed to elicit from the public.The banana at the center of «  Comedian  » once again found itself the object of consumption in April 2023. While the artwork was on display at the Leeum Museum of Art in Seoul, South Korea, as part of Cattelan’s solo exhibition "WE," a hungry art student named Noh Huyn-soo removed the banana from the wall and ate it 7. When questioned about his actions, Noh stated that he had skipped breakfast that day and was simply hungry 7. In a further twist, he then proceeded to tape the banana peel back onto the wall, creating his own impromptu modification of the artwork 7. Cattelan’s response to this second instance of his artwork being eaten was characteristically nonchalant, reportedly stating, "no problem at all" 18. This second act of consumption reinforces the artwork’s implicit invitation for interaction and further blurs the lines between art, performance, and perhaps even vandalism, raising ongoing questions about the treatment and value of conceptual art.Beyond the acts of consumption and graffiti, «  Comedian  » also became the subject of a legal challenge. California-based artist Joe Morford filed a lawsuit against Maurizio Cattelan, alleging copyright infringement of his own 2000 work titled "Banana & Orange." Morford’s work features plastic replicas of a banana and an orange duct-taped to two green panels 5. Morford claimed that Cattelan’s «  Comedian  » unfairly copied his earlier creation and that Cattelan may have been aware of and influenced by his work 5. In a preliminary ruling, Judge Robert N. Scola Jr. rejected Cattelan’s motion to dismiss the case, allowing the lawsuit to proceed 5. This legal challenge highlights the complex issues surrounding originality and intellectual property within the realm of conceptual art, where seemingly simple ideas can still be subject to legal protection and debate.The initial sales of the three editions of «  Comedian  » at Art Basel Miami Beach in 2019, priced at $120,000 and $150,000, respectively, immediately established the artwork’s significant, and for many, perplexing, market value 4. These sales garnered substantial media attention, further amplifying the artwork’s notoriety and fueling the ongoing discourse about its meaning and worth 5.In a dramatic turn of events, one of the three editions of «  Comedian  » was put up for auction at Sotheby’s in New York in November 2024 as part of "The Now and Contemporary Evening Auction" 5. The artwork carried a pre-sale estimate of $1 million to $1.5 million USD 7. The auction exceeded all expectations, with the piece ultimately selling for a staggering $6.2 million USD (including buyer’s fees) to cryptocurrency entrepreneur Justin Sun 2. In a characteristically provocative gesture, Sun announced his intention to eat the banana, comparing it to a crypto asset and stating that "the real value is the concept itself" 5. Sun also declared his plan to purchase 100,000 bananas from the street vendor who supplied the fruit for the most recent refresh of the artwork, adding another layer of complexity to the narrative 5. This dramatic increase in value from the initial sale to the auction demonstrates the artwork’s remarkable market appreciation and its ascent to the status of a highly coveted piece of contemporary art. The auction results unequivocally validate the initial intense interest in the artwork and solidify its significant financial value within the contemporary art market.As with the initial sales, the Sotheby’s auction further underscored the crucial role of the certificate of authenticity in determining the artwork’s market value 7. The auction lot did not include the original banana or duct tape from 2019 but rather the rights to recreate the artwork using fresh materials, accompanied by the all-important certificate of authenticity 7. This reinforces the fundamental idea that the artwork’s value resides not in its physical components, which are readily replaceable, but in the underlying concept and the artist’s authorization to reproduce it. The market’s pronounced valuation of the COA over the tangible banana powerfully highlights the unique economic dynamics that govern conceptual art, where intangible ideas and artistic authorship can command substantial prices, often far exceeding the material cost of the artwork’s physical manifestation.The market performance of «  Comedian  », particularly its recent auction result, can be contextualized by comparing it to other significant conceptual artworks that have achieved high prices at auction, such as Marcel Duchamp’s "Fountain" or the immaterial "Zones of Immaterial Pictorial Sensibility" by Yves Klein 5. These comparisons help to understand the financial success of «  Comedian  » as part of a broader trend within the contemporary art market that increasingly values conceptual innovation and artistic reputation over traditional notions of skill or material preciousness. Placing «  Comedian⯨ » within this established context of the conceptual art market provides a valuable benchmark for understanding its economic significance and its place within the evolving landscape of art valuation.«  Comedian  », in its seemingly simple form, has profoundly challenged traditional notions of what constitutes art and has reignited the enduring dialogue about the very essence of artistic creation 4. Its unexpected appearance and subsequent market success serve as a potent reminder that the definition of art is not static but rather fluid and constantly being renegotiated, particularly within the dynamic realm of conceptual art. The artwork’s very existence and the diverse range of reactions it has provoked contribute significantly to this ongoing evolution of our understanding of what can be considered art in the contemporary world.The artwork’s inherent simplicity and its rapid dissemination through viral channels on the internet have played a crucial role in opening up conversations about art to a far wider public than typically engages with the often-insular art world 8. By capturing the attention of individuals who might otherwise feel excluded from or intimidated by contemporary art, «  Comedian  » has effectively democratized art discourse, making it a subject of discussion and debate for a broad and diverse audience. The artwork’s viral spread facilitated broader participation in art-related discussions, extending its reach far beyond the traditional gallery setting and into the everyday lives of people across the globe.«  Comedian  » firmly positions itself within the lineage of conceptual art, directly echoing the radical gestures of Marcel Duchamp and the tradition of readymade art that he pioneered 4. By presenting an ordinary, mass-produced object as art, Cattelan carries forward this tradition of questioning established artistic conventions and challenging viewers to reconsider their preconceived notions about art’s definition and value. «  Comedian  » stands as a significant work of the 21st century that consciously builds upon this historical foundation, continuing the ongoing project of pushing the boundaries of artistic expression.Finally, «  Comedian  » serves as a potent reflection on consumer culture and the often-arbitrary nature of value assignment in contemporary society 5. The artwork’s remarkable market success, despite its apparent simplicity and the low cost of its constituent materials, prompts a critical examination of the societal mechanisms that determine worth, both within the specialized realm of the art world and in the broader context of economic systems and consumer behavior. «  Comedian  » uses the inherent absurdity of its high price tag to highlight the often-unexamined assumptions and conventions that underpin our understanding and assignment of value in consumer society.Sales History of "Comedian"
Date of SaleLocation of SaleEdition NumberSelling Price (USD)BuyerDecember 2019Art Basel Miami Beach1$120,000Private Collector
In conclusion, Maurizio Cattelan’s «  Comedian  », an artwork that on the surface appears to be a trivial gesture of taping a banana to a wall, has proven to be a remarkably powerful catalyst for debate and profound reflection on the fundamental nature of art, the complex dynamics of value, and the intricate workings of the contemporary art market. Its journey from a $120,000 debut at Art Basel Miami Beach to a staggering $6.2 million auction sale at Sotheby’s, punctuated by unexpected acts of consumption, instances of vandalism, and even a copyright infringement lawsuit, unequivocally underscores its enduring significance as a work that continues to provoke, amuse, and challenge audiences across the globe. Ultimately, «  Comedian  » transcends its simple composition, serving as a compelling mirror that reflects our often-complex and contradictory relationship with art and the multifaceted systems that govern its perception and its perceived worth in the 21st century.

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**«  Comedian  » de Maurizio Cattelan (2019) : Un phénomène de l’art conceptuel**

**Présentation :**
«  Comedian  » est une œuvre conceptuelle provocatrice de l’artiste italien Maurizio Cattelan, exposée pour la première fois à Art Basel Miami en 2019. Elle se compose d’une banane mûre fixée au mur d’une galerie avec du ruban adhésif, accompagnée d’un certificat d’authenticité. L’œuvre a déclenché un débat mondial, vendue entre 120 000 et 150 000 dollars, incarnant la critique satirique de Cattelan envers les dynamiques du monde de l’art.

**Thèmes clés et interprétations :**
1. **Le concept au-dessus de l’objet :**
- La banane, objet banal et périssable, est remplaçable (comme l’a montré l’artiste David Datuna en la mangeant, poussant la galerie à en installer une nouvelle). Le certificat, et non le fruit, détient la valeur de l’œuvre, soulignant la primauté de l’idée sur la matérialité, caractéristique de l’art conceptuel.

2. **Critique de l’excès du marché de l’art :**
- Le prix exorbitant interroge les perceptions de la valeur, remettant en cause la façon dont le contexte, le branding et la spéculation gonflent la valeur. Cattelan résonne avec Marcel Duchamp et son «  Fontaine  » (1917), sapant les notions traditionnelles d’art et de création.

3. **Éphémérité et décomposition :**
- La pourriture inévitable de la banane contraste avec la permanence habituelle de l’art, soulignant l’absurdité de la marchandisation d’objets éphémères.

4. **Le public et le spectacle :**
- L’attention médiatique virale et les interactions du public (comme l’acte de Datuna) font partie intégrante de l’œuvre. La pièce prospère sur la controverse, montrant comment les réseaux sociaux amplifient l’impact culturel de l’art.

5. **Humour et ironie :**
- Le titre «  Comedian  » reflète l’humour noir de Cattelan, moquant les prétentions du milieu artistique. La simplicité de la banane défie les attentes de l’«  art noble  », suscitant rires et incrédulité.

**Contexte dans l’œuvre de Cattelan :**
– Cattelan est connu pour ses œuvres irrévérencieuses et satiriques, comme «  America  » (2016), des toilettes en or fonctionnelles, ou «  Him  » (2001), une statue d’Hitler agenouillé. «  Comedian  » s’inscrit dans sa tradition d’utiliser l’absurde pour questionner le pouvoir, la valeur et la morale.

**Critiques et héritage :**
– Les détracteurs y voient une farce ou un symbole de la décadence du marché de l’art. Les défenseurs saluent sa critique acerbe et sa capacité à susciter le débat. Quoi qu’il en soit, l’œuvre consolide la réputation de Cattelan comme maître du commentaire culturel, forçant le public à affronter les contradictions du rôle de l’art dans la société.

**Conclusion :**
«  Comedian  » transcende sa forme physique pour questionner l’essence, la valeur et l’éphémérité de l’art. En réduisant l’œuvre à une banane et du ruban adhésif, Cattelan reflète les contradictions du monde de l’art, prouvant que même les gestes les plus simples peuvent déclencher un dialogue profond.